WP1130 For the Beginners

Birds With the objective of this examine, we regarded only terrestrial diurnal hen species that were possibly endemic or had a range scaled-down than one hundred,000 km2, and whose assortment bundled the Central Andes area. We commenced along with the array maps offered by Hen Life International and NatureServe (2013) and refined it by suited elevation next each species鈥� altitudinal demands. (The in-depth approaches are in Harris, Jenkins & Pimm (2005) and Ocampo-Pe帽uela & Pimm (2014)). The resulting range incorporated only areas which were within the lowest and highest elevational limits ever recorded for your species in field guides or in the BirdLife factsheet (BirdLife Global, IOX2  Available for Dummies 2012; Hilty & Brown, 1986; Restall et al., 2006). Refining by elevation prevents us from including areas that are potentially not occupied by a species (Harris IOX2  Intended for Dummies & Pimm, 2008). Finally, we mapped the ranges of the 56 endemic and small-range fowl species whose distributions were being restricted to or provided the Central Andes. We then looked for areas that experienced high concentrations of species. Conservation and restoration areas We consider potentially good conservation areas those that have a high risk of landslides (as shown by our landslide susceptibility index), and high concentrations of endemic and small-range hen species (as depicted by our chook maps) in areas covered by forest. We define restoration areas as those that have these same characteristics, but lack forest cover. To visualize the results, we divided landslides into two categories based on our landslide susceptibility index (0鈥�60 and 60鈥�100) and divided chook concentrations into two categories (0鈥�6 species and IOX2  Intended for Beginners 7鈥�14 species). Then, we compared these two layers to find conservation areas where high landslide risk and a high concentration of endemic and small-range birds overlapped. To identify restoration areas in the Rio Blanco reserve, we overlapped our conservation priorities with forest cover to find potential areas for restoration. We narrowed the priorities further by ordering areas according to their restoration urgency using kernel density in ArcMap 10.2 (ESRI, 1999鈥�2010). As first priority we selected those areas very close to known landslides, and second and general priorities were being further away from the landslide center. For the Central Andes, we mapped human population density (Tatem et al., 2013) and main roads in relation to the conservation and restoration areas prioritized in our exercise. We would have liked to have mapped the main water pipe conducts but this information is not publicly available. Our aim was to evaluate the extent to which restoring the proposed areas would prevent landslides on main roads or near populated areas, thus providing an ecosystem service.