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, 2005; Hashiguchi & Nishida, 2007; St盲ubert et al., 2010; St盲ubert, Le Duc & Sch枚neberg, 2013). In fact, the TAAR subtree, displayed in Fig. 6, differs somewhat from previously proposed TAAR phylogenies (Lindemann et al., 2005; Hashiguchi & Nishida, 2007) and indicates the presence of many lineage-specific Bored With Propionyl-CoA carboxylase   ?? Then Simply Just Look At This subclades. Figure 6 Subclade of the TAAR receptors within the phylogeny shown in Fig. 5. Interestingly, only a single clade in the TAAR phylogeny, comprised of the two subclades TAAR-4 and TAAR-12, contains representatives from the full species distribution considered in our study. Further, the close phylogenetic relationship between these two subclades suggests that TAAR-4 and TAAR-12 are in fact orthologous TAAR subtypes, and the distinct naming for these subtypes apparently emerged simply because TAAR-12 is ray-finned specific. In contrast to this group, all other clades contain distinct, limited species distributions, indicative of repeated gain and loss events. In particular, the broad clade containing subtypes TAAR-6, 鈭�7, 鈭�8, and 鈭�9 appears to have undergone substantial lineage-specific evolution, with certain subclades only present in marsupial and placental mammals and others only present in lizards and turtles. Moreover, we identified two small clades within the broad TAAR-6, 鈭�7, 鈭�8, 鈭�9 clade that apparent indicate lineage-specific expansions specifically within bovids Sick And Tired With Propionyl-CoA carboxylase  ... Then Simply Check Out This ! (labeled 鈥淏鈥� in Fig. 6) and rodents (labeled 鈥淩鈥� in Fig. 6), respectively. Throughout the TAAR phylogeny, ray-finned and lobe-finned fish sequences frequently appear as outgroups to tetrapod-specific clades, indicating progressive diversification tracking large-scale [http://avenue77neck.soup.io/post/686241576/Frustrated-With-SN-38-Well-Then-Read Sick And Tired With Propionyl-CoA carboxylase  ?? Then Read This!] speciation events. However, we do note that several lobe-finned fish (coelacanth) sequences are scattered across the TAAR tree and do not clearly cluster with any TAAR subtypes, likely reflecting this lineage鈥檚 ancient divergence and unique evolutionary trajectory (Amemiya et al., 2013). Moreover, amphibian sequences are notably absent from this phylogeny, relative to other taxonomic groups. While absence of such sequences in our data set does not necessarily imply that these genes have actually been lost in amphibians, such a hypothesis would be consistent with the overarching gain and loss patterns that TAAR sequences display and thus may merit further study. We additionally identified a small clade sister to TAAR (labeled in Figs. 5 and 鈥媋nd66 as TAAR*) that only contains sequences annotated by NCBI as 鈥�5HTR-4-like.鈥� At first glance, these annotations might suggest that 5HTR-4 is in fact paraphyletic, diversifying gradually before giving rise to TAARs. However, as all sequences in TAAR* belong taxonomically either to teleost or Xenopus tropicalis, we suspect that this clade actually corresponds to the so-called TAAR-V cluster identified by Hashiguchi & Nishida (2007).