Stem Cell Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injuries can happen through accident, trauma, or disease. The spinal cord is the link between the brain and the rest of the body, and body functions may be affected by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease), muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and traumatic accidents.

In the past, a spinal injury meant loss of function below the point of injury, but modern science and research and technology has provided a number of breakthroughs in treatments for spinal injury patients.

The spinal cord is made up of neural cells that carry all electrical impulses from the brain to the spine to the muscles and organs of the body. Glial cells support neural cells and are an important component of the spinal cord. There are two different types of glial cells; oligodendrocytes, which make up the protective sheath covering of nerves, along with myelin, and astrocytes, which provide an adequate growth environment for neural cells.

Stem research has learned how to create new neurons. An injured brain or spinal cord may not be able to create new neurons by itself, but scientists have discovered neural cells in adult brains that can be stimulated to multiply or divide into neural cells that have been lost through central nervous system or spinal cord injury and disease processes.

Combination therapy is a combination of stem cell therapies that produce neural cells with myelin sheath protection, and gene therapy. To date, many of these technologies are still undergoing clinical trials in the United States.

Throughout the United States, researchers, biotechnical companies and researchers are undergoing Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials for results after injecting oligodendrocytes from embryonic stem cells into the spinal cord in the hopes that they will replicate themselves. Researchers from California to New York are focusing stem cell research on astrocytes for generating new nerve fiber growth.

Research technologies and the number of clinical trials in the United States continue to advance as new discoveries are made. In the meantime, many Americans suffering from spinal cord injury and its limitations have experienced some benefit through treatments and therapies offered in globally recognized stem cell centers around the world.

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